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1.
Medicentro (Villa Clara) ; 25(3): 399-422, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340190

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica y la hemodiálisis generan cambios en el estado físico y psíquico de las personas, debido a las alteraciones somáticas influenciadas por: las limitaciones, los procederes invasivos, el abandono familiar, el estado de dependencia y el deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: describir el estado emocional de los pacientes incluidos en el Programa de hemodiálisis crónica. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cuali-cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal en el servicio de Hemodiálisis del Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico «Arnaldo Milián Castro¼, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, en el período marzo - mayo 2019. La muestra estuvo conformada por 116 pacientes hemodialíticos luego de aplicar muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se utilizó el test de Zung y el cuestionario EE-D (evaluación del malestar emocional para pacientes renales en diálisis) como instrumentos psicológicos, además de la triangulación de datos según métodos y técnicas. Resultados: predominaron: el sexo masculino, la fístula arteriovenosa, el tiempo en hemodiálisis de 1 a 5 años y la presencia de nefropatía vascular hipertensiva. Entre los estados de ánimo prevalecieron la depresión leve y moderada; la media en percepción individual obtuvo una evaluación de 3 puntos e igual rango de depresión y ansiedad. La media para la edad, hemoglobina y albúmina tuvieron valores de 55,66 años, 11,9 g/dl y 37 g/dl, respectivamente. Las alteraciones detectadas se establecieron como reacción ante la crisis y el tratamiento, y afrontamiento de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: se concluyó que existe una alta prevalencia de alteración del estado emocional en los pacientes estudiados.


ABSTRACT Introduction: chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis generate changes in physical and mental state of people, due to somatic alterations influenced by limitations, invasive procedures, family abandonment, dependency status and deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Objective: to describe the emotional state of the patients included in the chronic hemodialysis Program. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative research was carried out in the Hemodialysis service at "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Clinical and Surgical University Hospital, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, from March to May 2019. The sample consisted of 116 hemodialysis patients after applying intentional and non-probability sampling. The Zung test and the EE-D questionnaire (evaluation of emotional distress for kidney patients on dialysis) were used as psychological instruments, in addition to the triangulation of data according to methods and techniques. Results: male gender, arteriovenous fistula, time on hemodialysis from 1 to 5 years and presence of hypertensive vascular nephropathy predominated. Mild and moderate depression prevailed among mood states; the mean of individual perception obtained an evaluation of 3 points and a same range of depression and anxiety. The mean for age, hemoglobin and albumin had values ​​of 55.66 years, 11.9 g / dl and 37 g / dl, respectively. The detected alterations were established as a reaction to crisis and treatment, and coping with the disease.


Subject(s)
Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
2.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962194

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine whether the level of complexity of the services structure and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients in hemodialysis are associated with the prevalence of poor health self-assessment. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 1,621 patients with chronic terminal kidney disease on hemodialysis accompanied in 81 dialysis services in the Brazilian Unified Health System in 2007. Sampling was performed by conglomerate in two stages and a structured questionnaire was applied to participants. Multilevel multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of poor health self-assessment was of 54.5%, and in multivariable analysis it was associated with the following variables: increasing age (OR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01-1.02), separated or divorced marital status (OR = 0.62; 95%CI 0.34-0.88), having 12 years or more of study (OR = 0.51; 95%CI 0.37-0.71), spending more than 60 minutes in commuting between home and the dialysis service (OR = 1.80; 95%CI 1.29-2.51), having three or more self-referred diseases (OR = 2.20; 95%CI 1.33-3.62), and reporting some (OR = 2.17; 95%CI 1.66-2.84) or a lot of (OR = 2.74; 95%CI 2.04-3.68) trouble falling asleep. Individuals in treatment in dialysis services with the highest level of complexity in the structure presented less chance of performing a self-assessment of their health as bad (OR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.42-0.84). CONCLUSIONS We showed poor health self-assessment is associated with age, years of formal education, marital status, home commuting time to the dialysis service, number of self-referred diseases, report of trouble sleeping, and also with the level of complexity of the structure of health services. Acknowledging these factors can contribute to the development of strategies to improve the health of patients in hemodialysis in the Brazilian Unified Health System.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar se nível de complexidade de estrutura dos serviços e características sociodemográficas e clínicas de pacientes em hemodiálise estão associados à prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde ruim. MÉTODOS Neste estudo transversal, foram avaliados 1.621 pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal em hemodiálise acompanhados em 81 serviços de diálise no Sistema Único de Saúde, no ano de 2007. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerado em dois estágios e um questionário estruturado foi aplicado aos participantes. Para análise dos dados, foi usada regressão logística múltipla multinível. RESULTADOS A prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde ruim foi de 54,5%, e na análise multivariada apresentou associação com as seguintes variáveis: aumento da idade (OR = 1,02; IC95% 1,01-1,02), estado civil separado ou divorciado (OR = 0,62; IC95% 0,34-0,88), ter doze anos ou mais de estudo (OR = 0,51; IC95% 0,37-0,71), gastar mais de 60 min no deslocamento entre a casa e o serviço de diálise (OR = 1.80; IC95% 1,29-2,51), apresentar três ou mais doenças autorreferidas (OR = 2,20; IC95% 1,33-3,62) e relatar alguma (OR = 2,17; IC95% 1,66-2,84) ou muita (OR = 2,74; IC95% 2,04-3,68) dificuldade para dormir. Indivíduos em tratamento nos serviços de diálise com maior nível de complexidade na estrutura apresentaram menor chance de autoavaliar sua saúde como ruim (OR = 0,59; IC95% 0,42-0,84). CONCLUSÕES Autoavaliação de saúde ruim mostrou-se associada à idade, anos de estudo, estado civil, tempo de deslocamento de casa até o serviço de diálise, número de doenças autorreferidas, relato de dificuldade para dormir e também ao nível de complexidade da estrutura dos serviços de saúde. O reconhecimento desses fatores pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para melhorar a saúde dos pacientes em hemodiálise no Sistema Único de Saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Renal Dialysis/psychology , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Kidney Failure, Chronic/psychology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Health Surveys , Sickness Impact Profile , Middle Aged , National Health Programs
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